INTRODUCTION:

Food is any nutritious substance that animals consume in order to lead a healthy life. The food we eat contains various minerals and vitamins that are essential for the organs to function properly and hence essential for one’s survival. There are various sources of food for humans which range from plants, pulses, milk and meat from animals. Food should contain adequate amount of nutrients, minerals, fats and carbohydrates which comprises of a Balanced diet. Maintaining of Balanced diet is essential else it might lead to various complications in the body such as heart diseases, obesity, diabetics, hypertension and cancer in worst cases.

Foods contain micro nutrients and macro nutrients which are required for our body to carry out various metabolic activities. Right to food is a human right and it should be emphasised such that there is no scarcity. Coming to India and Germany, the availability of food products changes with respect to the location and hence the food consumed in both the countries is different. [1.2.5]

Indian cuisine is well known for its wide variety of cooking styles and tastes. Cooking style varies according to different geographical regions and culture. The major divisions are north Indian and south Indian foods. It’s well known that India is secular country, thus food styles is also affected by various religions and cultures. The magical twist of Indian food has not only attracted Indians but also people across the entire world. [3,4,8]

Indian recipes include lots of ingredients such as oil, vegetables, greens, ghee and the aromatic spices. India is well known for its spices .Oils is of two types one is the vegetable oil and the other derived out of animal fat. Use of oil also varies from states such as groundnut oil is used in Kerala and mustard oil in north India. Kerala the state of spices is the owner of most of the spices grown in India. Most frequently used spices are cloves, cardamom, cumin, turmeric, ginger, garlic and pepper. Agriculture and horticulture is the major occupation of India. Cattle breading and poultry farming is also done at wide range in India. So non-veg lovers has no bounds to their mouth- watering hot and spicy gravies, curry, biryanis and etc. The most widely used meat types are chicken, mutton, fish.

Indian foods are not only tasty but also very healthy. The magical twist of Indian food has not only attracted Indians but also people across the entire world. The Indian food served with rice and vegetables is a well- balanced mixture of proteins and carbohydrates. Spices offers protection against cancer in our body. It directly attacks the heart of the cancer cells.[6,7,8]

Indians are lactovegetarians .Milk is rich in amino acids, vitamins and minerals which provides energy. The health benefits of Indian food depend on the methods of cooking, such as oil in fried snacks is bad! Oil in cashew, groundnuts, vegetable is healthier. Even-though many Indian dishes contain healthy ingredients like lentils, vegetables and herbs it’s the cooking method that makes it unhealthy. On the contrary there are Indian foods that are very healthy if cooked in a healthy way. Such as biryani with less oil and lot of vegetables.

Nutritional Data (Indian Foods):

Major food consumed in India for breakfast are Idly, Dosa, Pongal, Vada, Sambar and Dal in south India which are healthy and nutritious are they are made of rice variety which contain good amount of proteins, fibres, carbohydrates, calcium and minerals. Roti, Dal and Parathas are preferred in North India which are made of wheat and other pulses. South Indians consume a lot of rice and other vegetable side dishes which can be prepared with carrots, potatoes, beans and green leafy vegetables which improve eye sight and guard the body from various infections. During lunch time South Indian consume Plain ( boiled rice ) along with sambar, Rasam, curd and sweets for deserts which can be made of either ghee or milk. These foods contribute towards a perfect balanced diet. People consume many meat varieties like chicken gravy, fried chicken, butter chicken and boiled chicken along with food. Chicken provides good amount of protein and fibres which make our bowel movements easy.[9,10]

North Indians consume Rotis, Parathas, and other gravies along with it. These gravies can be of different types. It is prepared with a diverse range of pulses, spices and vegetables where even milk products such as panner ( farmer’s cheese or curd cheese) are added to enhance the taste and the nutrients present and during dinner people almost consume the same meals along with butter milk and curd in order to keep the body cool and their gut healthy.

Table 1-Regular cravings in India and Germany

Food	Indian Food	German Food
1 Breakfast	South Indian- 1. Idly 2. Dosa 3. Sambar 4. Vadai 5. Poori 6. Pongal North Indian- 1. Chapathi 2. Dal 3. Roti	Bread, Cheese, toast or rolls, egg, cold meals like ham and salami, they take up cholesterol and fatty foods washed away by hot strong cup of pot tea or coffee.
2 Lunch	South Indian- 1. Rice 2. Sambar 3. Vegetable Curry 4. Chicken Fry 5. Biriyani 6. Veg Kebab 7. Raita 8. Fish curry 9. Sweet- payasam North Indian- 1. Roti 2. Tandoori Chicken 3. Butter Milk 4. Raita 5. Rajma 6. Sabji 7. Chick peas & Spanish curry	Mustards are highly consumed. German children highly consume fast food children face trouble with overweight and obesity which is leading a serious problem Eg: Breadrolls, curryworst, French fries, burger and pizza are commonly taken. Most popular vendor food is Donerkebab a Turkish receipe.
3 Dinner	South Indian- 1. Idly 2. Dosa 3. Upma 4. Dal 5. Parathas North Indian- 1. Roti 2. Milk 3. Dal 4. Vegetable Curry 5. Stuffed Parathas 6. Dhokla	It is called “Abendbrol” meals ‘evening bread’ contains whole grain bread, deli meats sausages, cheese and cold or warm drinks pork, beaf and poultry dishes are main favourite courses. Sea foods are mainly taken in north coastal areas .Sea water fishes and fresh water fishes are popular across the country.

Table 2- Nutritional value of Indian foods

Foods	Nutritional Value
1 Idly	1. Protein- 2g 2. Fibre-2g 3. Carbohyfrates-8g
2 Dosa	1. Protein-5g 2. Calcium & Vitamin C 3. Minerals 4. Carbohydrates
3 Sambhar	1. Proteins-11.1g 2. Carbohydrates-25.5g 3. Cholestrol-1mg 4. Contains Vitamin A, Calcium and Sodium
4 Parathas	1. Protein-7g 2. Sugars-4g 3. Carbohydrates-49g 4. Sodium-160mg
5 Chicken Fry	1. Proteins-28.1g 2. Fiber-0.3g 3. Cholestrol-96mg
6 Plain Rice	1. Carbohydrates-44.4g 2. Fiber-1g 3. Starch-43.4g 4. Sugar-0g 5. Contains Vitamins and Minerals
7 Vegetable Curry	Contains carbohydrates, fats, fibres, proteins, sodium, potassium and cholesterol.
8 Veg Kebab	Contains proteins, vitamins, minerals and fibres
9 Tandoori Chicken	1. Proteins-20.56g 2. Fats-7.18g 3. Carbohydrates-6.03g 4. Vitamin K-40.86mg
10 Sabji	1. Proteins-2g 2. Carbohydrates-14.1g 3. Fats-18.6g

Nutritional Content (German Foods):

Pork is wisely consumed in Germany along with beef and poultry. Chicken, duck, Goose and turkey are also consumed. Meat from lamb and goat are less popular. People made many sausages in Germany. Majority of them are from pork, sheep and lamb intestines along with several spices. Good quality meat goes into making sausages as people love it. They consume different types of bread along with cheese and butter and they do consume rolls and roasts. Meat and potatoes are important foods and they are prepared differently in different parts of the country. Potatoes can be boiled for stake and can be fried in case of French fries. As their food majorly revolves around consuming meat most of the time they are good suppliers of proteins, fibres and fats. Bread and pastries are also eaten with butter and lard is commonly used for cooking fats. People drink beer a lot though Germany has a wine industry. [1,6,8]

The German diet is high in fat including saturated fats ,sugars and carbohydrates. Their diet is deficient in vegetables fruit and fibre. High amount of fat increases cholesterol levels, blood pressure and causes other problems such as obesity and heart ailments. The diet in West Germany is more natural, healthy and nutritious compared to the developed west.

German food calories come from a variety of foods like bratwurst, cheese , fried potatoes, fries and a variety of apple desserts.

Table 3 Nutritional value of German foods

Food	Nutritional Content
1 Bratwrust	1. Fat-26g 2. Cholesterol-78g 3. Sodium-848mg 4. Potassium-283mg 5. Carbohydrates-2g
2 Fried potatoes	1. Fat-3g 2. Cholesterol- 0g 3. Sodium- 194mg 4. Carbohydrate-14g
3 Eintopf	1. Fats-1.1g 2. Carbohydrates-5.8g 3. Proteins-1.9g

Calorie Table-

Calorie intake is not a predictor of well-being. In India the most developed states have lowest calorie consumption.

Table 4 South Indian- Breakfast

Food Product	Number of Calories
1 Idly	100
2 Dosa	120
3 Vadai	200
4 Dal	150
5 Poori	75
6 Pongal	356

Table 5-South Indian- Lunch

Food Product	Number of Calories
1 Rice- Plain	55
2 Sambhar	60
3 Vegetable Curry	100
4 Chicken Fry	350
5 Biriyani	470
6 Veg Kebab	196
7 Raita	80
8 Fish Curry	460
9 Sweets- Payasam	75-120

Table 6 South Indian- Dinner

Food Product	Number of Calories
1 Idly	100
2 Dosa	120
3 Upma	335
4 Dal	50-70
5 Parathas	180

Table 7 North Indian- Breakfast

Food Product	Number of Calories
1 Chapathi	80
2 Dal	50-70
3 Roti	85

Table 8 North Indian- Lunch

Food Product	Number of Calories
1 Roti	85
2 Buttermilk	100
3 Tandoori Chicken	260
4 Raita	80
5 Rajma	120
6 Sabji	80

Table 9 North Indian- Dinner

Food Product	Number of Calories
1 Roti	85
2 Milk	66.9K
3 Dal	50-70
4 Vegetable cury	100
5 Dhokla	89
6 Stuffed parathas	110

Foods vary for different age groups in India – Kids:

below 5 years consume uncooked or lightly cooked eggs, peeled slices of fruits such as apple along with milk, cooked vegetables such as boiled potato, mashed idlis, upma ,mashed rice with dal, chapatis with dal,etc. In order to strengthen their immune system we should provide them with good amount of proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals so that they don’t develop deficiencies at an early age which can lead to various other complications.[1,6,8]

Teenagers- age of 11-18 years

Teenagers are young and energetic who are in the phase of transition from a kid to an adult and hence they should be provided with good quality of fruits , vegetables, rice and maintain a good balanced diet along with physical exercise which will help them strengthen their growing bones and organs. They tend to take samosas, pav bhajis, pani puris, vada and other chat items along with noodles, sabji, gravies, idly, dosa, biriyani, buttermilk and other non veg varieties. Teenagers consume a lot of food ranging from healthy foods to unhealthy ones.

Adults- Consume any food that is available and they consume same as that of teenagers.

Foods vary for different age groups in Germany:

Adolescents in Germany tend to intake and consume all the junk foods and hence the nutrient content decreased drastically particularly of fibre, vitamin d, biotin and calcium.

Adolescents consume pizzas, doner kebab, pastas, soft drinks, burger with ham, French fries , alcoholic drinks, meat , rice, bread etc. These foods lack the necessary amount of protein that should be supplied in a balanced diet hence it is important to add vegetables and other mineral rich food supplements in their diet.[2.4,5.8]

Adults consume breads, cereals, potatoes, pastries, vegetables, mushroom, pulses, heated nuts and seeds and a lot more including dairy products like cheese and curd. They consume everything ranging from nutritious to non-nutritious ones.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

The authors want to express their gratitude to NIN, Pune. Special thanks to Founder and honorable Chancellor Dr G. Viswanathan, VIT University for his constant encouragement and support, Mr. Sankar Viswanathan, Dr. Sekar Viswanathan, and Mr. G.V.Selvam vice presidents, VIT University for their constant motivation and help to carry out this research.

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Received on 09.06.2016 Modified on 21.06.2016

Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2016; 9(9):1385-1388.

DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X.2016.00266.3